The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has chosen to grant the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless for the advancement of click science and bioorthogonal Chemistry. News was published on Twitter by official Nobel Prize Tweet Handler.
The term bioorthogonal chemistry alludes to any compound reaction that can happen within living systems without disrupting local biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003.
The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.
Copper-free click chemistry is a bioorthogonal reaction first developed by Carolyn Bertozzi as an activated variant of an azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition, based on the work by Karl Barry Sharpless et al. Unlike CuAAC, Cu-free click chemistry has been modified to be bioorthogonal by eliminating a cytotoxic copper catalyst, allowing reaction to proceed quickly and without live cell toxicity.
Refrences:
- Sletten, Ellen M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2009). “Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (38): 6974–98. doi:10.1002/anie.200900942. PMC 2864149. PMID 19714693.
- Prescher, Jennifer A.; Dube, Danielle H.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2004). “Chemical remodelling of cell surfaces in living animals”. Nature. 430 (7002): 873–7. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..873P. doi:10.1038/nature02791. PMID 15318217. S2CID 4371934.
- Prescher, Jennifer A; Bertozzi, Carolyn R (2005). “Chemistry in living systems”. Nature Chemical Biology. 1 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1038/nchembio0605-13. PMID 16407987. S2CID 40548615
4.Hang, Howard C.; Yu, Chong; Kato, Darryl L.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2003-12-09). “A metabolic labeling approach toward proteomic analysis of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (25): 14846–14851. doi:10.1073/pnas.2335201100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 299823. PMID 14657396.
5.Sletten, Ellen M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2011). “From Mechanism to Mouse: A Tale of Two Bioorthogonal Reactions”. Accounts of Chemical Research. 44 (9): 666–676. doi:10.1021/ar200148z. PMC 3184615. PMID 21838330.
6. Wikipedia.com